Английский язык: Аннотирование и реферирование текста

91 in its development is two-way, on one hand the transformation from universal professions to specialized particular professions, and on the other hand the transformation from specialized particular to universal professions with broad profile. The Universal (broad profile) profession is a kind of return to universal worker and specialist, but on a new qual- ity level and on a new technical and social ground. This is a very suit- able tendency for small and medium enterprises, because broad profile workers take key positions in the modern technically complex produc- tion. These kinds of workers possess profound knowledge in the field of technologies, they have various skills to operate the technical means and the equipment, and they adapt easily to the changes in technologies and production conditions, and better do two or more types of job to- gether. As a rule several specialties correspond to every profession. The specialty is a working activity within a given profession. It is a result from further distribution of work within the profession itself and has its main characteristics. In the mastering of a given specialty, the production skills take important place. With the development of manufacturing and mainly with the changes occurring in its product structure, there is a segmentation of individual specialties, enlargement of some of them and their inclusion in new professions and at the same time some of them disappear. The qualification describes the quality and the complexity of la- bour. It is a composition of knowledge, skills and practical habits nec- essary for the implementation of certain type of work. It is acquired either in the process of special training of workers and specialists or it is a result from a long length of service. The objective process of division of labour going on between dif- ferent professions, specialties and qualifications imposes the opposite process of exchange of the results of their activities. It requires also constant cooperation of labour, which is shown in the quantitative ratio