Английский язык: Аннотирование и реферирование текста

29 Geographical: A specialized product for customers who live in neighbour communities or under special climatic conditions. Demographical: Family indicator, retired people or segments by age (children, teenagers, working). Psychological: Promotion of product directed to finding out the customer demand or way of thinking (political or religious). Benefits from the product: Marketing is directed to presentation of the benefits in consuming the offered product or service, which the customers will receive (lower price). The marketing mix is a combination of different elements, con- nected with the product and services, promotion and advertisement, price and place. Products and services: The consumption of the product or service is an important market resource. The defining of the unique features of the product is of great importance. Promotion and advertisement: The advertisement should send a message to the customers by: the press, billboards or posters, direct ad- vertising in mail boxes, television, radio. Another element of adver- tisement is the promotions. They are not a direct advertising but they are an important element, which include: delivering of two pieces for the price of one, coupons for price reduction, special club prices and presents. Price: The determination of the price policy and the price levels are important element, which is influenced by the product demand, the offer and the sensitivity of the customers towards changes in prices. Other factors such as the appropriate place and direct customers’ ser- vice may permit the small and the medium-sized business to achieve higher prices. Of course it is important to determine that the selling prices are competitive in comparison with those of the other partici- pants at the market. Distribution: The producer and the wholesaler should take deci- sion how to distribute their products. Those who use distributors or trade agents are more flexible but they have bigger expenses.