Английский язык: Аннотирование и реферирование текста

153 flexibility and adaptability, dependence on self-employed consultants means greater problems in creating integrated work environments and optimizing continuity. The self-employment trend is a natural outcome of both the value shifts identified by Inglehart and the corporate restructuring in most industrialized countries. Given the nature of self-employment, there is a greater likelihood of entrepreneurial attitudes among this group, as well as awareness of one’s personal human capital, and a greater adaptability to work among this group. These are precisely the attributes we would expect to find in greater abundance among transformational workers. Furthermore, self- employment offers greater potential for workers with non-traditional aspirations or values. The self-conscious nature of human capital among transforma- tional workers means that the nature of employer-employee relations becomes more explicitly market-based. A strong indication of this trend is the world-wide growth in self-employment. In Canada, for example, full-time self-employment has risen from 12.5 percent to 17.2 percent of total employment. While general trends in the UNATED STATES have been flat, there has been enormous growth in self-employment within more knowledge-intensive occupations. Self-employment among managerial occupations in the UNATED STATES has grown from 2.6 percent in 1979 to 17.8 percent in 1996. While less dramatic, self- employment in professional-technical occupations has grown from 9.4 percent to 13.2 percent during the same period. There is compelling evidence that this shift to self-employment is more than a structural one. Self-employment is part of the cultural shift discussed by Inglehart. And one that has accompanied the growing em- phasis on knowledge-based industries in Western economies. Institu- tional factors such as tax systems and a social safety net encourage en- trepreneurial risk-taking, which may account for some of the important differences in the growth of self-employment in Canada and the United