Английский язык: Аннотирование и реферирование текста

9 managers will become more professionalized as the separation of own- ership from control continues and the variables facing the firm become more complex. Third, greater emphasis will be placed on reconciling no economic object with economic objectives. Fourth, managers will have to: rely less on lunch, guesswork, and even informed judgment, and more and more on increasingly elaborate analysis that will aid in the clarification and quantification of complex variables. Fifth, broader social responsibility will loom large in the daily affairs of most large industrial firms. Consequently, the major emphasis in education for businessmen will be on management, especially of the large in the industrial firms. Management, which will undoubtedly always retain some of the charac- teristics of an art, will nevertheless move further toward becoming a science, not in the mechanistic sense of early twentieth century scien- tific management, but in a broader, more sophisticated sense that, rec- ognizes the limitations of applying traditional scientific methods to human relations and utilizes the newer methodologies of micro and macro economic theories, quantitative analysis, and behavioral science. Management education will have to embrace four areas. The first and traditional area is organization and administration. The large indus- trial enterprise is an organization, a system of consciously coordinated personal activities. Its managers must solve problems that arise from both organization and administrative relationships. The solving of these problems requires all of the inherited talents and acquired skills that go into the traditional art of administration. It is in this area of getting things, done through people that the principles of organization are ap- plicable. The concepts and techniques of inducing loyalty to and identi- fication with the organization and its goals– often called human rela- tions– become an essential element in the efficient functioning of the organization. The second area is economic management. Here the man- ager typically must operate in theories. Here, too, analytical tools are becoming increasingly useful for solving problems. Economic man-