Английский язык: Аннотирование и реферирование текста

262 But Zhang emphasizes that his polymer is not yet practical. One drawback is that it requires 120 volts, much more than the few volts available in portable devices. He remains optimistic, though, and feels that the approach could scale up beyond microelectronics. The development of larger refrigera- tors based on the polymers depends on finding various other substances that exhibit the effect at adjacent temperature ranges. That way the right combination could operate as a "temperature cascade," rejecting heat progressively. Says Zhang: "This could be the first step in the de- velopment of an electric-field refrigerator" – one with no bulky coils or noisy compressors. Someday chilling a picnic cooler might mean flip- ping a switch rather than loading up on ice. Текст 6. The Early Days Until the late 1970s, the computer was viewed as a massive ma- chine that was useful to big business and big government but not to the general public. Computers were too cumbersome and expensive for pri- vate use, and most people were intimidated by them. As technology advanced, this was changed by a distinctive group of engineers and en- trepreneurs who rushed to improve the designs of then current technol- ogy and to find ways to make the computer attractive to more people. Although these innovators of computer technology were very different from each other, they had a common enthusiasm for technical innova- tion and the capacity to foresee the potential of computers. This was a very-competitive and stressful time, and the only people who succeeded were the ones who were able to combine extraordinary engineering ex- pertise with progressive business skills and an ability to foresee the needs of the future. Much of this activity was centered in the Silicon Valley in north- ern California where the first computer-related company had located in 1955. That company attracted thousands of related businesses, and the