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239 When the mouse was moved, the vertical wheel rolled along the surface while the horizontal wheel slid sideways. Mice grew more ergonomic over time and have adopted trackballs, lasers and LEDs, but the prem- ise is the same. The computer records both the distance and speed at which the mouse travels and turns that information into binary code that it can understand and plot on a display screen. Engelbart originally invented the mouse as a way to navigate his oNLine System (NLS), a precursor of the Internet that allowed com- puter users to share information stored on their computers. NLS, which Engelbart developed with funding from the U.S. Department of De- fense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA – now DARPA), was also the first system to successfully use hypertext to link files (making information available through a click of the mouse). Because his patent for the mouse expired before it became widely used with personal computers in the mid-1980s, Engelbart gar- nered neither widespread recognition nor royalties for his invention. Mouse technology found its way from Engelbart's lab to the Xerox Corp.'s. Xerox was the first to sell a computer system that came with a mouse – the 8010 Star Information System in 1981. But the term "mouse" wouldn't become a part of the modern lexicon until Apple made it standard equipment with its original Macintosh, which debuted in 1984. The emergence of the Microsoft Windows operating system and Web browsers hastened the mouse's pervasiveness throughout the 1990s and into the first decade of the 21st century. Engelbart's own work at SRI came to an end in 1989, when McDonnell Douglas Corp. (his ultimate employer there after his divi- sion at SRI had changed owners a few times) shut down his lab. That year, Engelbart formed the Bootstrap Institute (now known as the Doug Engelbart Institute), a consulting firm in Menlo Park through which he still encourages researchers to share findings and build on one another's achievements. Logitech claims to have manufactured one billion mice, which "speaks volumes for the success of this pointing device and the domi- nance of the graphical user interface of which it is an integral part,"