Английский язык: Аннотирование и реферирование текста

108 place in the organization hierarchy, the specifics of the organization itself, and etc. There are qualities, however, which every manager should possess in order to do effective job. These qualities are: a) Strategic thinking ability. This means to see problems and ways to solve them in perspective. Many managers concentrate their attention and efforts mainly on current issues of the organization, i.e. they work for the current day; b) Good professional education and training. It includes particu- lar vocational qualification as well as managerial training; c) Creative thinking. This is the ability to find new or unique de- cision of a given problem, to apply new approaches and methods. The manager should have his/her own new ideas for organizational issues; d) Skills for work with people. Every manager implements his/her ideas and goals through the staff he/she manages. Therefore, it is obligatory that the manager has to work well with the staff – to com- municate in the best way, to motivate it, to evaluate it, etc. Many exam- ples for successful managers could be given mainly because of their ability to work well with people. There are opposite examples of fail- ure, due to lack of such abilities; e) Moral and ethical qualities. A major component of the face of each manager is his/her value system, upon which the manager realizes the goals and accomplishes his/her behavior. All other managerial abili- ties can be depreciated if honesty, loyalty, justice and other moral qualities lack. Employees respect and trust a manager, who possesses in the necessary extent these qualities (because there are no perfect people). f) Psychological steadiness and emotional stability. The work of every manager is related to emotional stress and pressure, stemming from information overload, problems, interpersonal conflicts, uncer- tainty and insecurity, huge responsibility, etc. Only psychological and emotional stable managers can successfully overcome the negative con- sequences from the pressure and stress; g) Initiative and active. Effective managers do not react on events, but work to accomplish predefined goals. Of course, not every-