Теоретическая грамматика английского языка

So in a one-member sentence only one main part is expressed in the oute structure of the sentence. Tliere are not many one-member sentences in English. W find among them: 1.sentences with a verb in the Imperative Mood (e.g. Keep clear of the road: Step aside, please; Come on!) 2.some exclamatory sentences (e.g. What a nice view! How cold! Marvelous! How terrible! How very interesting!) 3.questions expressing suggestion (e.g. Why not give him a telephone call? What about havmg a cup of tea?) 4.sentences expressmg confirmation or negation (e.g. Yes. No.) 5.some formulae of courtesy (e.g. Hello! Good-bye! See you tonight.) 6.descriptions of stage directions introducing certain situations (e.g. Sunday mommg! Market place of a large village in the midlands.) In a two-member sentence the subject group and the predicate group are directly expressed m the outer structure of the sentence. This concerns all the three cardm^ communicative types of sentences. Most English sentences are two-members ones. Sentences built up of only the subject and the predicate are called unejaended sentences (e.g. The rain has stopped. It is cold.) Sentences in which, besides the principal parts, there are words performing other (secondary) fimctions are called extended sentences (e.g. Edward was most anxious to hear all the news about his family.). The structure of the composite sentence. The composite sentence as different from the simple sentence is formed by two or more predicative lines. Each predicative unit in a composite sentence makes up clause m it. The two mam types of the coimection of clauses in a composite sentence are subordination and coordination. A polypredicative construction built upon the prmciple of coordmation is called the compound sentence. The clauses of a compound sentence are independent of each other syntactically. They may be joined by some coordinating conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or, yet, for, etc.) or asyndetically. e.g. He was very busy now and they saw few of tlieir friends. I haven't got much news to convey but there are some things to add. I began to miss London, yet I was not coming back. Put on my raincoat, it'll save you for a while. The complex sentence is a composite sentence built on the principle of subordination. The complex sentence of mmimal composition includes two clauses: a principal one (the basic structure) and a subordinate one (the clause performing some syntactic function within the principal clause). Subordinate clauses may be joined to principal by means of conjunctions (they are not members of either the principd or subordinate clause), conjunctive words (they perform some function within the subordinate clause), asyndetically and sometimes by means of the sequence of tenses. Subordmate clauses may perform various fimctions within the principal clause. For practical purposes of leammg English, it is necessary and sufficient to distinguish the following kinds of subordinate clauses: 30