Теоретическая грамматика английского языка

e.g. When did you have your hair cut? 2) the verbs of sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, to find) e.g. When I returned I found her gone. 3) the verbs denoting wish (to wish, to like, to want, to prefer) e.g. I want the letter posted at once. Questions for self-control: 1. Generalize information about Verbids (Infinitive, Gerund, Present participle. Past participle) in accordance with the following points: properties, paradigm, combinability, functions. The subject matter of Syntax. The phrase and the sentence: principal differences (the basic syntagmatic notions). e.g. 'write letters' can be changed into "writes a letter", "has written letters", etc. The problems referring to the domain of Syntax are very numerous. That is why it is not an easy task to give a detailed description of its subject matter. According to professor SmimitslQ' Syntax is a part of grammar which is concerned with the rules lymg in tlie basis of word combinations on the one hand and rules governing the construction of the sentence on the other. Pr. Smimitsky's point of view on the matter in question is shared by the majority of home and foreign scholars. Pr. Ilyish writes that within the sphere of Syntax two levels are distinguished: that of phrases and that of sentences. To the level of phrases (the phrasemic level) coming after the lexemic level belong combinations of two or more words. These combinations like separate words have a nominative function, but they represent the referent of nomination, as a complicated phenomenon be it a concrete thing, an action, a quality or a whole situation. e.g. respectively: a picturesque village; to stark with a jerk; extremely difficult; the unexpected arrival of the chief. The grammatical description of phrases is sometimes called 'minor Syntax' in distraction to 'major Syntax' studying the sentence and its textual connections. Above the phrasemic level lies the level of sentences, or proposemic level, the peculiar character of the sentence, or the proposeme as a syntagmatic unit of language consists in the fact, that naming a certain situation or situational event, it expresses predication, i.e. shows the relation of the noted event to reality. As different from word and phrase, the sentence is a predicative unit. The sentence is produced by the speaker in the process of speech as a concrete, situationally bound utterance. At the same time it enters the system of language by its syntactic pattern which has both syntagmatic and paradigmatic characteristics. The highest level of language is supra-sentential, the level of sentence groups with its micro topic as a part of continual text. The supra-sentential construction is a 25