Теоретическая грамматика английского языка

The possessive with the gerund displays the distinctive categorial properties of the gerund as such. The formal sign of the gerund is wholly homonymous with that of the present participle: it is the suffix '-ing' added to its grammatically leading element. The present participle (participle I) is the non-fmite form of the verb which combines the properties of the verb, the adjective and the adverb, serving as the qualifying - processual name. Outer form is wholly homonymous with the gerund and it distinguishes tlie same distinctions and the attribute "present" is used from force of tradition. The present participle has its own place in the general paradigm of the verb, differentfrom that of past participle. The present participle is triple by its lexico-grammatical properties (combines the properties of the verb, adjective and the adverb) which are displayed in its combinability and syntactic functions. Participle I has the grammatical categories of voice and correlation and the following functions in the sentence; 1) an attribute e.g. Here is the telegram announcing his arrival. He came up to the crying child. Note: The perfect form of participle I is not used in the function of the attribute. In such cases an attributive clause is used. e.g. I don't know the man v/ho brought the note yesterday. 2) an adverbial modifier e.g. When listening to her I understood that she was upset (adverbial modifier of time) Not knowing his new telephone number I couldn't get in touch with him (adverbial modifier of cause). He peered at me, as if not recognizing (adverbial modifier of comparison). 3) a parentliesis e.g. Frankly speaking, you are wrong. Putting it mildly, she was rather rude. Taking everything into consideration, she had a right to do it. 4) a part of complex subject The complex subject consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun ш the nominative case and participle I. It is used with the verbs of sense perception in the passive voice. e.g. Two people were heard quarrelling. 5) a part of complex object The complex object consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case and participle I. e.g. She watched the children playing in the garden. Don't keep her waiting. I hate you talking like that. 6) a part of the nominative absolute participial construction 23