Теоретическая грамматика английского языка

Non-finite forms of the verbs (Verbids / Verbals): the category of "fmitude", the Infinitive, the Gerund, the Participle. Verbids are the forms of the verb intermediary in many of their lexico- grammatical features between the verb and the non-processual parts of speech. The mixed features of these forms are revealed in their meaning, structural marking, combinability and syntactic functions. They render processes as peculiar kinds of substances and properties; they are formed by special morphemic elements which don't express either grammatical time or mood (the most specific finite verb categories). They can perform non verbal fijnctions in the sentence and vice versa. Their fundamental grammatical meaning is processual. In fact, it is every verb stem (except a few defective verbs) that by means or morphemic change takes both fimte and non-finite forms, the functions of two sets are strictly differentiated; finite forms serve only one syntactic function (finite predicate), non-finite serve various syntactic functions other than that of the finite-predicate. The opposition between finite and non-finite forms of the verb creates a special grammatical category - the category of "fmitude". The content of this category is tlie expression of verbal predication. Verbids unable to express the predicative meanings of time and mood still do express the so-called 'secondary' or 'potential' predication. e.g. Have you ever had anything caught in your head? Have you ever had anything that was caught in your head? Verbid complex 'anything caught in your head' while expressing secondary predication is not self-dependent in predicative sense. It normally exists only as a part of sentence built up as primary predicative construction that has a finite verb as its core. While finite verbs express predication m its genuine and complete form, the fimction of the verbids is to express semi-predication. The English verbids include 4 forms distinctly differingfirom one another within the general verbal system: the infinitive, the gerund, the present participle and the past participle. The Infinitive is the non-finite form of the verb which combines the properties of the verb with those of the noun, servmg as the verbal name of a process. Infinitive should be considered as the head-form of the whole paradigm of the verb. In this quality it can be linked to the nominative case of the noun in languages having a normally developed noun declension, as, for example, Russian. As a verb the Infmitive has the grammatical categories of voice, aspect and correlation. The category of voice active passive to teach to be taught to translate to be translated e.g. She comes here to teach English. She comes here to be taught. The category of aspect 18