Теоретическая грамматика английского языка

таш £ ез1з syntactic relation. One of the problems connected with the category of voice is the meaning of Participle H, which is an essential part of the passive categorical form. The Category of Mood (Категория Наклоиеиия) Is one of the most controversial and still unsettled problems in linguistics, it is closely connected with the category of modality, modality shows the relation of an action to reality as stated by the spealcer. Every utterance is marked by modality; modality can be expressed in different ways; grammatically, lexically, by combination of grammatical and lexical means and also by intonation. When modality is expressed by grammatical means (syntactic or analytical) we speak about Mood. Mood is considered to be a grammatical category of the verb reflecting the relation to reality as stated by the speaker and expressed in the form of a verb. This relation may be of different nature; the speaker may assert or deny somethmg as really existing or not in reality. The speaker expresses all that resorting to the forms of the Indicative Mood. But sometimes the speaker may utter a wish, supposition, something that is not in keeping with reality. In this case he resorts to the Mood opposed to the Indicative. (Subjunctive -Indicative) Some grammarians find 15 or 16 Moods: Deutchbein- 15 Smimitsky - 6 Barkhudarov - 5 Vorontsova - 4 The category of Mood is defmed as expressmg the character of connection between the process denoted by the verb and the actual reality. It presents the process as a fact that really happened, happens or will happen or treats it as an imaginary phenomenon. Functional opposition is constituted by the forms of Oblique Mood (those of unreality contrasted against reality). Unreality mixes up the strong member of the opposition. The Direct Mood is the mdicative Mood; it has characteristics of tense, person, number, voice, aspect and conelation. Oblique Mood forms express different attitudes towards the process, expressed by the verb and the situation denoted by the construction, built up around it. These are the attitudes of desire, supposition, speculation, suggestion, recommendation, and inducement of various degrees of insistence including commands. Questions for self-control: 1. Give short characteristic to the category of Tense of the Verb. 2. Give short charaoteristic to the category of Aspect of the Verb. 3. Give short characteristic to the category of Conelation of the Verb. 4. Give short characteristic to the category of Mood of the Verb. 5. Give short characteristic to the category of Voice of the Verb,

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