Теоретическая грамматика английского языка

should be considered. Verbal transitivity is the ability of the verb to take a direct object. The direct object is joined to the verb 'directly' without a preposition. Verbal objectivity is the ability of the verb to take any object be it direct or oblique (prepositional) or that of addressee. Transitive verbs are opposed to mtransitive, objective to non-objective. The general division of the verbs into transitive / intransitive is more relevant for Russian than English and into objective / non- objective is highly relevant for English Morphology. Questions for self-control: 1. What is the general categorial meaning of the verb? 2. What is the function of the finite verb? 3. What is the flmction of the non-fmite verb? 4. Enumerate verb buildmg stems. 5. What grammatical categories are characteristic of the verb? 6. What role does the category of thefinitude play? 7. What is the difference between dynamic/stative; terminative/durative; transitive/intransitive; objective/non-objective verbs? 8. Is that verbal transitivity or objectivity more relevant for English/Russian? Grammatical categories. The noun. The category of number and case. The noun m English has two grammatical categories: Ntmiber and Case. The category of Number expresses the opposition of the plural form of the noun to the singular form of the noun. The strong marked member of this opposition is the plural. Its productive formal mark is the suffix -(e)s. The formal mark is contrasted to the absence of the member suffix in the singular form, so the smgular categorical form is a weak unmarked member of the opposition. The other non- productive ways of expressing the number opposition are vowel interchange: a man - men, a woman - women, a foot - feet, a goose - geese, a tooth - teeth, a mouse - mice; archaic suffix - (e)n: an ox - oxen, a child - children, a brother - brethren; the correlation of individual singular and plural suffix in a number of borrowed words (especially of Greek & Latin origin): analysis - analyses (Latin), appendix - appendices / appendixes (Latin), bacterium -bacteria (Latin), basis -bases (Greek), cactus -cacti / cactuses (Latin), crisis - crises (Greek), criterion - criteria (Greek), diagnosis - diagnoses (Greek), formula - formulae (Latin), hypothesis - hypotheses (Greek), medium -media (Latin), phenomenon - phenomena (Greek), etc. Nouns which have only singular md no plural form are termed Singularia tantum. Singularia tantum is characteristic of the names of abstract notions (peace, love, joy, courage, firiendship, etc.), the names of the branches of professional activity (chemistry, architecture, mathematics, linguistics, etc.), the names of mass materials (water, snow, steel, hair, etc), the names of collective inanimate objects (foliage, fruit, furniture, machinery, etc.) Some of these words can be used in the forms of the common singular and plural, but in this case they come to have different meanings. 12