Теоретическая грамматика английского языка

Somd-replacive and stress-replacive types of derivation are unproductive. e.g. food - to feed, blood - to bleed, import - to import, transport - to transport Ttie typical suffixes expanding the stem of the verb are: -ate (cultivate) -en (broaden) -ify (clarify) -ize (normalize) Prefixes; be- (belittle, befriend) en-/em- (embed) re- (remake) under- (undergo) over- (overestimate) un- (undo) mis- (misunderstand) Composite verb stems: blackmail - to blackmail, proofread - to proofread. Phrasal verb stems occupy an intermediary position between analytical forms of the verb and syntactic word combinations. e.g. to have a smoke (head verb + noun), to give a smile, to take a stroll. These combinations have their equivalents - ordinary verbs: to smoke, to smile, to stroll. Also to phrasal verb stems belong verbs which consist of head verb + verbal postposition: stand up, go on, give in, be o f f , get along. . The grammatical categories which find formal expression in the outward structure of the verb are, first, the category of fmitude dividing verbs into finite and non-fmite forms, second, the categories of person, number, tense, aspect, voice, mood and correlation. Among the various forms of the verb the Infmitive occupies a unique position. It is the principal representative of the verb-lexeme as a whole. The class of verbs falls into a number of subclasses. On the upper level of the division two unequal sets are identified: notional verbs and semi-notional (verbs of partial nominative value) and functional verbs, which serve as markers of predication. All the notional verbs can be divided into dynamic (present the subject as an active doer, ex., do, act, make, go) and stative (denote the state of their subject, e.g. be, live, worry). The verbs presenting a process as potentially limited are called limited or terminative (e.g. arrive, come, leave, fmd, start, stop, drop, catch). The verbs presenting a process as not limited by any border point are called durative (e.g. move, continue, live, sleep, work, behave, hope). The English lexical aspect expresses a potentially limited or unlimited process; the Russian aspect expresses the actual conclusion or non-conclusion (perfective, imperfective aspect) of the process. As a matter of fact, tlie finite verb being the centre of predication organizes all the other sentence constituents. The notions of verbal transitivity and objectivity 11