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85 3.18. Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) The inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, was born in Scotland, where he (1) studied voice production and hearing. He later moved to America, where he combined this work with an (2) investigation into the transmission of sound by electricity. Bell (3) managed to transmit his voice electrically in 1875, patenting his idea the next year. He formed the Bell Telephone Company in (4) 1877, as part of a legal fight to protect his patent. He used some of the (5) profits from his invention of the telephone to finance special schools for the deaf. Bell carried on inventing for the rest of his life, designing hydrofoils to make ships faster and kites capable of (6) lifting people. 3.19. Thomas Edison (1847-1931) The American (1) inventor Thomas Edison lived and worked in the United States all his life. He was the most (2) productive inventor ever. During his lifetime, he patented 1,093 different inventions, including the incandescent electric lamp (similar to the (3) ordinary light bulb we know today), the motion-picture projector, and the phonograph. He also set up the first industrial (4) research laboratory. Edison had a slow start in life. He was expelled from school because people did not (5) realize that he was deaf, thinking instead that he was unable to learn. His mother (6) taught him at home, where he had built his own laboratory by the time he was 10 years old. 3.20. Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) The Сroatian-born American inventor Nicola Tesla patented an electricity -generating and (1) distribution system that transmitted (2) alternating current (AC). He developed and applied many other important ideas in the fields of electricity and radio. The Tesla coil, an (3) induction coil he invented is used in radio technology and operates at every high frequencies. Tesla worked (4) briefly for the American inventor Thomas Edison (1847-1931), but they fell out because they (5) disagreed about the best form of electric current to use for (6) large-scale supply. In the end, Tesla's alternating current system was favored over Edison's direct current (DC) system. Tests Answers Test 1 1. False (only one kind of atom); 2. False (it is impossible); 3. False (17); 4. True; 5. True; 6. True; 7. False (weaker); 8. False (differs); 9. False (in newtons); 10. True. Test 2 1. False (in more than one state); 2. False (on temperature and pressure); 3. True; 4. True; 5. True; 6. True; 7. True; 8. False (when energy switches form); 9. False (chemical energy); 10. True. Test 3 1. False (does not flow); 2. True; 3. False (by rubbing); 4. False (clothing positively charged); 5. True; 6. False (19 th century); 7. True; 8. False (Heinrich Hertz); 9. True; 10. False (little public recognition)/